‘S — Is or Has

Many learners get confused because ’s can mean three different things: Is, Has, or Possession. In this lesson we focus on ‘s for is or has.

‘S: Is, Has, or Possession?

Quickly identify what “’s” means based on what comes next.

🎯 Level: Intermediate ⏱ Time: 5 minutes 📘 Category: Grammar

😕 Confusion
John’s late.

Is it:
John is late?
John has late?
John’s (something)?

The -ed ending in the simple past is pronounced /t/ when the base verb ends in these sounds: /p/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/
Voiceless sounds (no vibration in your throat)

Learn when -ed is pronounced /d/ in regular past verbs.
The -ed ending is pronounced /d/ when the base verb ends in a voiced sound
(most sounds in English).

-ED Pronunciation: /ɪd/
Learn when -ed is pronounced /ɪd/ (adds an extra syllable).
Rule
The -ed ending is pronounced /ɪd/ when the base verb ends in: t or d

ED Pronunciation: — /t/ · /d/ · /ɪd/
Choose the correct -ed pronunciation quickly and confidently.

🎯 Level: Intermediate ⏱ Time: 15 minutes 📘 Category: Grammar

Some English words look like Spanish words, but mean something completely different. These are called false friends, and they cause misunderstandings.

Some verbs need a preposition and some don’t
❌ What’s the problem?

In English, some verbs need a preposition. Others never do.