Bringing it all Together -ed & -ing Adjectives

Learn the crucial difference between -ed and -ing adjectives in English. Adjectives ending in -ed describe how someone feels (e.g., bored, excited, tired), while -ing adjectives describe what causes that feeling (e.g., boring, exciting, tiring). Use -ed for the receiver of the emotion and -ing for the source. Understand through examples like ‘the movie was boring’ (cause) vs. ‘I was bored’ (feeling). Practice with guided questions to express yourself clearly.

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-ing Adjectives: Describing Causes, Not Feelings

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use these adjectives. We will cover:

What -ing adjectives are and how they describe the source of an emotion.
Why understanding the cause-and-effect relationship is crucial.
How to avoid common mistakes and distinguish -ing words from verbs.

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Understanding -ed Adjectives

Ever struggle to find the right word for how you’re feeling? It happens to all of us! Luckily, English has a super handy tool for this: adjectives that end in ‘-ed’. Think of them as little windows into your heart and mind. Getting these right is a game-changer for expressing yourself clearly and understanding how other people feel, too. It’s all about connecting on a deeper level.
*What -ed adjectives are and how they describe internal feelings
*Why they are so important for talking about your emotions
*How using them correctly helps you express personal experiences and connect with others

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-ed vs -ing Adjectives: Expressing Feelings & Situations

Welcome to this intensive self-study course! By the end, you’ll be able to confidently use adjectives ending in -ed and -ing to describe feelings and situations in English. This course connects grammar with real-life experience so learning is practical, engaging, and memorable.

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Question Tags Part 1

A question tag is a short question added to a statement to confirm or check information. The rule is simple: positive sentences take negative tags, and negative sentences take positive tags. The auxiliary verb in the main clause is repeated in the tag (isn’t, haven’t, won’t, etc.). If there’s no auxiliary, use do/does/did. The subject always matches the pronoun in the tag. Special cases include aren’t I?, everyone…aren’t they?, and it/there forms.

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Question Tags Part 2

The Standard Rule for Negative Clauses
When the main clause is negative, the question tag must be positive. This is the natural “mirror” of Chapter 1.
• Statement: She isn’t ready.
• Auxiliary: is
• Tag: is she?
• Full sentence: She isn’t ready, is she?
This is one of the most powerful fluency markers. Using a negative tag after a negative statement is a classic learner error, and native speakers immediately notice it.

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Question Tags Part 3 Irregular and Special Verb Forms

Explore the quirks of English question tags, from irregular forms like ‘aren’t I?’ to special rules for ‘let’s’, imperatives, and phrases like ‘have to’ and ‘used to’. Learn why native speakers favor certain tags, and discover tips to sound more fluent.

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Question Tags 4: Mastering Pronouns in English Question Tags

English uses special rules for pronouns like this, that, everyone, and nothing in question tags. Getting these rules wrong is a common sign of a non-native speaker. Once you learn the system, however, it is very consistent and easy to apply.

This lesson covers the key mapping rules for these special subjects.

Mastering these rules will make your spoken English sound much more natural.

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Question Tags 5: Negative Words and Meanings

Not all negative statements in English use the word “not.” Some words look neutral but carry a hidden negative meaning. These are called negative polarity words, and they’re a classic trap for learners because they require the question tag to be positive, even when there’s no visible “not.”

In this lesson, you will learn how to master these tricky words to improve your fluency. We will explore:
What negative polarity words are and how to identify them.
How words like never, hardly, seldom, and rarely function as negatives.
The crucial difference between few/little and a few/a little.
How to form correct question tags for sentences containing these words.

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