🔁 -ED Pronunciation: — /t/ · /d/ · /ɪd/
Choose the correct -ed pronunciation quickly and confidently.
🎯 Level: Intermediate ⏱ Time: 15 minutes 📘 Category: Grammar
📚 The 3 Rules
1️⃣ /t/
Final sound = voiceless
p, k, f, s, sh, ch
👉 worked, helped, laughed
Final sound = voiceless
p, k, f, s, sh, ch
👉 worked, helped, laughed
2️⃣ /d/
Final sound = voiced
(most sounds)
👉 played, cleaned, lived
Final sound = voiced
(most sounds)
👉 played, cleaned, lived
3️⃣ /ɪd/
Final sound = /t/ or /d/
👉 extra syllable
👉 wanted, needed, started
Final sound = /t/ or /d/
👉 extra syllable
👉 wanted, needed, started
📚 One-Second Decision Rule
- Ends in /t/ or /d/ → /ɪd/
- Ends in a voiceless sound → /t/
- Ends in a voiced sound → /d/
🔑 Sound, not spelling
⚖️ -ED Pronunciation Table (Review)
👂 Mixed Practice
Say the verb and the sound:
- worked → /t/
- played → /d/
- wanted → /ɪd/
- watched → /t/
- lived → /d/
- needed → /ɪd/
🔊 Say them out loud.
Listening Check (30 seconds)
Which sound do you hear?
-
- laughed → /t/
- called → /d/
- started → /ɪd/
📚 Key Takeaways
Common Mistakes
❌ Adding /ed/ to every verb
❌ Looking at spelling
❌ Saying work-ed, play-ed
✅ Listen to the final sound
Wrap-Up
✔ Three sounds
✔ One decision
✔ Only /ɪd/ adds a syllable